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Events (June 26th)

• 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. General Jovian is proclaimed Emperor by the troops on the battlefield.
• 684 - Benedict II becomes Pope.
• 1284 - According to legend, the Pied Piper lures 130 children of Hamelin away.
• 1409 - Western Schism: The Catholic church is led into a double schism as Petros Philargos is crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon.
• 1483 - Richard III becomes king of England.
• 1723 - After a lasting siege and firing from the cannons Baku surrendered to Russians.
• 1807 - Lightning hits a warehouse in Luxembourg, killing 230 people.
• 1819 - The bicycle is patented.
• 1857 - The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
• 1924 - American occupying forces leave the Dominican Republic.
• 1934 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the Federal Credit Union Act, which establishes credit unions.
• 1934 - Initial flight of the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter.
• 1940 - World War II: Under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, the Soviet Union presents an ultimatum to Romania requiring it to cede Bessarabia and northern part of Bukovina.
• 1945 - The United Nations Charter is signed.
• 1948 - The Western allies start an airlift to Berlin after the Soviet Union has blockaded West Berlin.
• 1959 - The Saint Lawrence Seaway opens, opening North America's Great Lakes to ocean-going ships.
• 1960 - Former British Protectorate of Somaliland British Somaliland gains its independence
• 1963 - John F. Kennedy spoke the famous words "Ich bin ein Berliner" on a visit to West Berlin.
• 1973 - On Plesetsk Cosmodrome 9 persons are killed in an explosion of a Cosmos 3-M rocket.
• 1974 - The Universal Product Code is scanned for the first time to sell a package of Wrigley's chewing gum at the Marsh Supermarket in Troy, Ohio
• 1975 - Indira Gandhi establishes authoritarian rule in India.
• 1975 - FBI agents Ronald Williams and Jack Coler and American Indian Movement member Joseph Stuntz were killed in a shootout on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in Oglala South Dakota.
• 1976 - The CN Tower, the tallest free-standing structure on land in the world, was opened.
• 1977 - Elvis Presley gives his last concert.
• 1977 - The Yorkshire Ripper kills 16 year old shop assistant Jayne MacDonald in Leeds, changing public perception of the killer as she was the first victim who was not a prostitute.
• 1978 - Air Canada Flight 189 to Winnipeg overran the runway and crashed into the Etobicoke Creek ravine. Two of 107 passengers onboard died.
• 1979 - Muhammad Ali retires.
• 1993 - The U.S. launches a missile attack targeting Baghdad intelligence headquarters in retaliation for a thwarted assassination attempt against former President George H.W. Bush in April in Kuwait.
• 1996 - Irish Journalist Veronica Guerin is shot in her car while in traffic in the outskirts of Dublin
• 1997 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Communications Decency Act violates the First Amendment.
• 2003 - The U.S. Supreme Court rules that gender-based sodomy laws are unconstitutional in Lawrence v. Texas.

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Events (June 27th)

• 678 - Saint Agatho begins his reign as a Catholic Pope.
• 1542 - Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo claims California for Spain.
• 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava.
• 1759 - General James Wolfe starts siege of Quebec.
• 1806 - The British capture Buenos Aires.
• 1844 - Joseph Smith, Jr., is murdered along with his brother, Hyrum, in jail in Carthage, Illinois.
• 1864 - Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in the American Civil War.
• 1867 - The Bank of California opens its doors.
• 1893 - Crash of the New York Stock Exchange.
• 1898 - The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia.
• 1905 - Mutiny on the battleship Potemkin.
• 1950 - The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War.
• 1953 - Joseph Laniel becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1954 - The world's first nuclear power station opens in Obninsk, near Moscow.
• 1957 - Hurricane Audrey kills 500 people in Louisiana and Texas.
• 1966 - The first broadcast of Dark Shadows is aired on ABC-TV.
• 1967 - The world's first ATM is installed in Enfield, London.
• 1974 - U.S president Richard Nixon visits the U.S.S.R.
• 1977 - France grants independence to Djibouti.
• 1979 - Muhammad Ali announces his retirement from boxing.
• 1980 - A commercial DC-9 (Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870) crashes near Ustica, Italy, killing 81
• 1984 - Pierre Elliott Trudeau wins the Albert Einstein Peace Prize.
• 1985 - Route 66 ceases to be an official U.S. highway.
• 1986 - The International Court of Justice finds against the United States in its judgement in Nicaragua v. United States.
• 1988 - 59 are killed and 55 are injured as a runaway train in Gare de Lyon, France plows into a packed rush-hour train.
• 1991 - Slovenia, after declaring independence two days previous, is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft, starting the Ten-Day War.
• 1998 - Opening of the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Malaysia.
• 2001 - International Court of Justice finds against the United States in its judgement in the LaGrand Case.
• 2005 - AMD files broad antitrust complaint against Intel Corporation in U.S. Federal District Court, alleging abuse of monopoly powers and antitrust violations.

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Events (June 28th)

• 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul.
• 1243 - Innocent IV becomes pope.
• 1389 - Ottoman forces crush the Serbian armies in Kosovo, opening the way for the Ottoman conquest of Southeastern Europe (see Vidovdan).
• 1519 - Charles V elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1635 - Guadeloupe becomes a French colony.
• 1651 - Battle of Beresteczko between Poles and Ukrainians, the biggest battle in the 17th century, starts.
• 1763 - Earthquake in Komarom, Hungary
• 1776 - Thomas Hinkey was hanged for mutiny, sedition, and treachery for plotting to kidnap George Washington. Hinkey was one of his bodyguards.
• 1778 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Monmouth fought between the American Continental Army under George Washington and the British Army led by Sir Henry Clinton.
• 1838 - The coronation of Victoria of the United Kingdom.
• 1855 - The Sigma Chi Fraternity was founded at Miami University
• 1859 - First conformation dog show is held in Newcastle-on-Tyne, England.
• 1880 - Ned Kelly the Australian bushranger captured at Glenrowan.
• 1881 - Secret treaty between Austria and Serbia.
• 1886 - First scheduled Canadian transcontinental passenger train departs from Montreal, Quebec for Port Moody, British Columbia.
• 1887 - Minot, North Dakota incorporated as a city.
• 1894 - Labor Day becomes an official US holiday.
• 1895 - El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua form the Central American Union.
• 1914 - Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife Sophia are assassinated in Sarajevo by young Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip , the casus belli of World War I.
• 1919 - The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending World War I with Germany.
• 1922 - The Irish Civil War begins with the shelling of the Four Courts in DublinFree State forces. by
• 1936 - The Japanese puppet state of Mengjiang is formed in northern China.
• 1938 - A 450 metric ton meteorite struck the earth in an empty field near Chicora, Pennsylvania
• 1940 - Romania cedes Bessarabia (current-day Moldova) to the Soviet Union.
• 1948 - Cominform circulates the "Resolution on the situation in the Communist Party of Yugoslavia"
• 1950 - Seoul is captured by troops from North Korea.
• 1956 - Anti-communist demonstrations in Poznań. Also called Poznański czerwiec (June of Poznań).
• 1960 - US-owned oil refineries in Cuba confiscated and nationalised.
• 1964 - Malcom X forms the Organization of Afro-American Unity.
• 1967 - Israel annexes East Jerusalem.
• 1969 - Stonewall riots in New York city mark the beginning of the modern gay rights era.
• 1978 - The United States Supreme Court, in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke bars quota systems in college admissions.
• 1983 - The Mianus River Bridge collapses over the Mianus River in Connecticut, killing 3 drivers in their vehicles.
• 1988 - The worst confined-space industrial accident in U.S. history occurs at a metal-plating plant in Auburn, Indiana, killing five.
• 1989 - Slobodan Milošević's Kosovo Polje Speech
• 1990 - Paperback Software found guilty by a U.S. court of copyright violation for copying the appearance and menu system of Lotus 1-2-3 in its competing spreadsheet program.
• 1997 - Boxer Mike Tyson is disqualified from WBA title re-match, for biting off part of the ear of his opponent Evander Holyfield.
• 2001 - U.S. Appeals Court overturns a lower court's order to breakup Microsoft in an antitrust case.
• 2004 - 38th Canadian federal election
• 2004 - Sovereign power is handed to the interim government of Iraq by the Coalition Provisional Authority, ending the U.S.-led rule of that nation.
• 2004 - Estonia, Lithuania and Slovenia join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism
• 2005 - Canada becomes the third country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage

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Events (June 29th)

• 1149 - Raymond of Antioch is defeated and killed at the Battle of Inab by Nur ad-Din.
• 1194 - Sverre is crowned King of Norway.
• 1613 - The Globe Theatre in London, England burns to the ground.
• 1644 - Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge, the last battle won by an English King on English soil.
• 1749 - New Governor, Charles de la Ralière Des Herbiers, arrives at Isle Royale (Cape Breton Island).
• 1786 - Alexander Macdonnell and over five hundred Catholic highlanders leave Scotland to settle in Glengarry County, Ontario.
• 1850 - Coal is discovered on Vancouver Island.
• 1863 - George Custer is appointed as a U.S. Union brigadier-general
• 1864 - Ninety-nine people killed in Canada's worst railway disaster near St-Hilaire, Quebec.
• 1880 - France annexes Tahiti
• 1881 - Chuchle battle, a student brawl fought in a Chuchle restaurant resulting in several wounds, a swatch of Czech and German chauvinism in the late 19th century
• 1891 - Street railway in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, commences operation.
• 1895 - Doukhobors burn their weapons as a protest against conscription by the Tsarist Russian government.
• 1905 - Moonlight Graham makes his only major league baseball appearance, in a game between the New York Giants and the Brooklyn Superbas but gets no at-bat.
• 1914 - Jina Guseva attempts to assassinate Grigori Rasputin at his home town in Siberia.
• 1922 - France grants 1 km² at Vimy Ridge "freely, and for all time, to the Government of Canada, the free use of the land exempt from all taxes."
• 1925 - Canada House opens in London, England.
• 1926 - Arthur Meighen returns to office as Prime Minister of Canada.
• 1927 - First test of Wallace Turnbull's variable-pitch propeller.
• 1933 - Italian boxer Primo Carnera knocked out American Jack Sharkey to become the heavyweight champion of the world.
• 1937 - Joseph-Armand Bombardier of Canada receives patent for sprocket and track traction system used in snow vehicles.
• 1945 - Carpathian Ruthenia was annexed by Soviet Union
• 1950 - In soccer, United States defeats England 1-0 in the Football World Cup.
• 1956 - The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 is signed, officially creating the United States Interstate Highway System.
• 1976 - The Seychelles becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
• 1986 - Argentina win the 1986 World Cup
• 1995 - The NASA Space Shuttle Atlantis docks with the Russian Mir space for the first time. (Mission: stationSTS-71)
• 1995 - The Sampoong Department Store collapses in the Seocho-gu district of Seoul, South Korea, killing 501 and injuring 937.
• 2000 - Vandals break into the tombs of Lynyrd Skynyrd's Ronnie Van Zant and Steve Gaines.
• 2002 - President George W. Bush chose to invoke the 25th amendment, temporarily transferring his powers to Vice President Dick Cheney while Bush underwent a colonoscopy.

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Events (June 30th)

• 1864 - U.S. National Parks: Abraham Lincoln granted Yosemite Valley to California for "public ... recreation".
• 1905 - Albert Einstein (pictured) published the article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" and introduced the theory of special relativity.
• 1908 - The Tunguska impact event occurred in Siberia.
• 1934 - Adolf Hitler violently purged his political rivals on the Night of the Long Knives.
• 1971 - The Soyuz 11 spacecraft depressurised during reentry, killing cosmonautsVladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski and Viktor Patsayev.

Events (July 1st)

• 251 – The battle of Abrittus is won by Goths against Romans. Roman EmperorsDecius and Herennius Etruscus are killed.
• 1097 - Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders under Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Turkish army under Qilich Arslan I.
• 1690 - Battle of the Boyne as reckoned under Julian calendar.
• 1782 - American privateers attack Lunenburg, Nova Scotia.
• 1858 - The joint reading of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace's papers on evolution to the Linnean Society.
• 1862 - Russian State Library is founded.
• 1862 - American Civil War: The Battle of Malvern Hill takes place, the final battle in the Seven Days Campaign, part of the George McClellan's Peninsula Campaign.
• 1863 - American Civil War: the Battle of Gettysburg begins.
• 1867 - The British North America Act, 1867 takes effect as the Constitution of Canada, creating the Canadian Confederation; John A. Macdonald sworn as first Prime Minister.
• 1870 - The United States Department of Justice formally comes into existence.
• 1873 - Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.
• 1878 - Canada joins the Universal Postal Union.
• 1881 - World's first international telephone call takes place between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, Maine, USA.
• 1881 - General Order 70, the culmination of the Cardwell-Childers reforms of the British Army's organisation, came into effect.
• 1885 - United States terminates reciprocity and fishery agreement with Canada.
• 1890 - Canada and Bermuda linked by telegraph cable.
• 1916 - First day on the Somme: On the first day of the Battle of the Somme 20,000 soldiers of the British Army are killed and 40,000 wounded.
• 1921 - Communist Party of China was founded.
• 1933 - Canadian Parliament suspends all Chinese immigration.
• 1935 - Regina, Saskatchewan police and Royal Canadian Mounted PoliceOn-to-Ottawa-Trek. ambush strikers participating in
• 1942 - World War II: First Battle of El Alamein.
• 1943 - Tokyo City merged with Tokyo Prefecture and was dissolved. Since then, no city in Japan has had the name "Tokyo." (Present-day Tokyo is not a city.)
• 1957 - The International Geophysical Year begins (until December 31, 1958).
• 1958 - The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation links television broadcasting across Canada via microwave.
• 1958 - Flooding of the St. Lawrence Seaway begins.
• 1959 - The Party of the African Federation (PFA) holds its constitutive conference.
• 1960 - Independence of Somalia.
• 1962 - Independence of Rwanda.
• 1962 - Independence of Burundi.
• 1963 - ZIP Codes are introduced for United States mail.
• 1963 - The British Government admits that former diplomat Kim Philby had worked as a Soviet agent.
• 1963 - The Beatles release She Loves You as a single in the United Kingdom.
• 1966 - First colour television transmission in Canada, from Toronto.
• 1967 - The European Community is formally created out of a merger with the Common Market, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Atomic Energy Commission.
• 1968 - The CIA's Phoenix Program is officially established.
• 1968 - The Nuclear non-proliferation treaty signed by about sixty countries in Geneva, Switzerland.
• 1968 - Formal separation of the United Auto Workers from the AFL-CIO.
• 1972 - Andreas Baader, Jan-Carl Raspe and Holger Meins of the Red Army Faction are captured in Frankfurt after a shootout with the police.
• 1976 - Portugal granted autonomy to Madeira.
• 1979 - Sony introduces the Walkman.
• 1980 - O Canada officially becomes the national anthem of Canada.
• 1983 - A North Korean Ilyushin Il-62M jet en route to Conakry Airport in Guinea crashes into the Fouta Djall Mountains in Guinea-Bissau, killing all 23 people on board.
• 1987 - Excavation begins on the Channel Tunnel.
• 1988 - Bologna, Italy: Quartetto Cetra's last concert after over forty years' musical career.
• 1990 - East Germany accepts the Deutsche Mark as its currency, thus uniting the economies of East and West Germany.
• 1991 - The Warsaw Pact is officially dissolved at a meeting in Prague.
• 1997 - The United Kingdom hands sovereignty over Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China.
• 1999 - The Scottish Parliament is officially opened by Queen Elizabeth on the day powers are officially transferred from the old Scottish Office in London to the new devolved Scottish Executive in Edinburgh.
• 2000 - Vermont's civil unions law goes into effect.
• 2001 - Aliso Viejo officially becomes the 34th city in Orange County, California.
• 2002 - A Bashkirian Airlines Tupolev TU-154 and a DHL (German cargo) Boeing 757 collide in mid-air over Ueberlingen, southern Germany, killing 71.
• 2003 - In Hong Kong, 500,000 people march to protest a new anti-subversion law.
• 2004 - In Hong Kong, 530,000 people march to urge a faster pace of democratisation and universal suffrage.
• 2004 - Saturn Orbit Insertion of Cassini-Huygens begins at 01:12 UT and ends at 02:48 UT.
• 2004 - Horst Köhler becomes the Federal President of Germany.
• 2005 - Revaluation of the Romanian Leu.
• 2006 - The first operation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway in China.
• 2006 - Austria hands over Presidency of the European Union to Finland.

Events (July 2nd)

• 1298 - The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg.
• 1561 - Menas, Emperor of Ethiopia defeats a revolt in Emfraz.
• 1578 - Martin Frobisher sights Baffin Island.
• 1613 - First English expedition from Massachusetts against Acadia - led by Samuel Argall.
• 1644 - English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor.
• 1679 - Europeans first visit Minnesota and see headwaters of Mississippi - led by Daniel Greysolon de Du Luth.
• 1776 - The Continental Congress adopts a resolution severing ties with Great Britain, though a formal Declaration of Independence is not adopted until July 4.
• 1777 - Vermont becomes the first American state to abolish slavery.
• 1808 - Simon Fraser reaches Pacific near New Westminster.
• 1839 - Twenty miles off the coast of Cuba, 53 rebelling African slaves led by Joseph Cinque take over the slave ship Amistad.
• 1850 - The self-contained gas mask is patented by Benjamin J. Lane.
• 1853 - The Russian Army invades Turkey, beginning the Crimean War.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Second day of the Battle of Gettysburg.
• 1878 - The Brighton Beach Line (now the BMT Brighton Line) opens in the then-city of Brooklyn.
• 1881 - Charles J. Guiteau shoots and fatally wounds U.S. President James Garfield, who eventually dies from infection on September 19.
• 1890 - The U.S. Congress passes the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
• 1900 - First zeppelin flight on Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany.
• 1917 - Forty-eight die in rioting in East St. Louis, Illinois, as lower-paid black laborers clash with whites.
• 1937 - Amelia Earhart and navigator Fred Noonan disappear over the Pacific Ocean while attempting to make the first round-the-world flight at the equator.
• 1947 - An object speculated to be a UFO crashes near Roswell, New Mexico, though the United States Air Force claims it is a weather balloon.
• 1950 - Henri Queuille becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1962 - The first Wal-Mart store opens for business in Rogers, Arkansas.
• 1964 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits segregation in public places.
• 1966 - The French military explode their nuclear test bomb codenamed Aldébaran in Mururoa, their first nuclear test in the Pacific.
• 1969 - The Jimi Hendrix Experience break up.
• 1973 - Match Game begins its 1970s run.
• 1976 - North and South Vietnam, divided since 1954, reunite to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
• 1979 - The first U.S. coin to honor a woman, the Susan B. Anthony dollar, is introduced.
• 1982 - Larry Walters uses 45 helium balloons and a lawnchair to propel himself to 16,000 feet.
• 1983 - The Police release their final album, "Synchronicity", which would eventually spend 17 weeks at #1 on the U.S. album chart
• 1985 - Andrei Gromyko is appointed the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.
• 1990 - A stampede inside a pedestrian tunnel leads to the deaths of 1,426 pilgrims in Mecca during hajj.
• 2000 - Vicente Fox Quesada is elected the first President of México from an opposition party, the Partido Acción Nacional (PAN) after more than 70 years of continuous rule by the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI).
• 2002 - Steve Fossett becomes the first person to fly solo around the world nonstop in a balloon.
• 2003 - International Olympic Committee selects Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada to host the 2010 Winter Olympics.
• 2004 - ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) accepted Pakistan as the 24th member.
• 2005 - Ten Live 8 concerts are held around the world in an attempt to force G8 countries to address poverty.