[Misafir]

Events (February 10th)

• 1258 - Battle of Baghdad - Mongols overrun Baghdad, burning it to the ground and killing large numbers of citizens (estimates range from 10,000 to 800,000).
• 1355 - The St. Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead in two days.
• 1542 - Queen Catherine Howard of England is confined in the Tower of London to be executed three days later for treason (adultery).
• 1567 - An explosion destroys the Kirk-o-Field house in Edinburgh, Scotland. The second husband of Mary Queen of Scots, Lord Darnley is found strangled, in what many believe to be an assassination.
• 1763 - French and Indian War: The 1763 Treaty of Paris ends the war and France cedes Canada to Great Britain.
• 1798 - Louis Alexandre Berthier invades Rome and removes Pope Pius VI from power.
• 1814 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Champaubert
• 1840 - Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
• 1846 - First Anglo-Sikh War: Battle of Sobraon - British defeat Sikhs in final battle the war
• 1863 - The world-famous dwarfs General Tom Thumb and Lavinia Warren get married in New York City.
• 1870 - The YWCA is founded (New York City).
• 1897 - Freedom of religion in Madagascar
• 1920 - Jozef Haller de Hallenburg performs symbolic engagement of Poland with the sea, celebrating restitution of Polish access to open sea.
• 1929 - Msgr. Stephen Alencastre, SS.CC., dedicates the beautiful Romanesque church of Saint Patrick in Honolulu.
• 1931 - New Delhi becomes the capital of India.
• 1933 - The New York City-based Postal Telegraph Company introduces the first singing telegram.
• 1933 - In round 13 of a boxing match at New York City's Madison Square Garden, Primo Carnera knocks out Ernie Schaaf, killing him.
• 1947 - Italy cedes most of Venezia Giulia to Yugoslavia.
• 1949 - Arthur Miller's play Death of a Salesman premiered in New York City.
• 1954 - President Dwight Eisenhower warns against United States intervention in Vietnam.
• 1962 - Captured American spy pilot Francis Gary Powers is exchanged for captured Soviet spy Rudolf Abel.
• 1964 - The aircraft carrier HMAS Melbourne collides with the destroyer HMAS Voyager off the south coast of New South Wales, Australia.
• 1967 - The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution ratified.
• 1981 - A fire at the Las Vegas Hilton hotel-casino kills eight and injures 198.
• 1989 - Ron Brown is elected chairman of the Democratic National Committee becoming the first African American to lead a major American political party.
• 1990 - James "Buster" Douglas KO's Mike Tyson In what perhaps was one of the greatest upsets in sports history .
• 1996 - The IBM supercomputer Deep Blue defeats Garry Kasparov for the first time.
• 1997 - The United States Army suspends CSM Gene C. McKinney, its top-ranking enlisted soldier, after hearing allegations of sexual misconduct.
• 1998 - A college dropout becomes the first person to be convicted of a hate crime committed in cyberspace.
• 1998 - Voters in Maine repeal a gay rights law passed in 1997 becoming the first U.S. state to abandon such a law.
• 1999 - Avalanches in the French Alps near Geneva kill at least 10.
• 2001 - The Southerner train service between Christchurch and Invercargill is axed after the New Zealand Government and Tranz Scenic fail to support the service.
• 2003 - France and Belgium break the NATO procedure of silent approval concerning the timing of protective measures for Turkey in case of a possible war with Iraq.
• 2005 - The OP is acclaimed the greatest organization to grace pop culture by Rolling Stone Magazine.
• 2006 - The XX Olympic Winter Games open in Turin, Italy.

[Misafir]

Events (February 11th)

• 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
• 731 - Gregory II ends his reign as Pope.
• 824 - Paschal I ends his reign as Pope.
• 1531 - Henry VIII of England recognized as supreme head of the Church of England.
• 1752 - Pennsylvania Hospital, 1st hospital in the United States, opens.
• 1790 - Religious Society of Friends, also known as Quakers, petitions U.S. Congress for abolition of slavery. It failed.
• 1794 - First session of United States Senate open to the public.
• 1808 - Anthracite coal first burned as fuel, experimentally.
• 1809 - Robert Fulton patents the steamboat
• 1812 - Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry gerrymanders for the first time.
• 1814 - Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union.
• 1826 - University College London is founded under the name University of London.
• 1837 - American Physiological Society organizes in Boston, Massachusetts.
• 1840 - Gaetano Donizetti's opera La Fille du Régiment receives its first performance in Paris.
• 1843 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi receives its first performance in Milan.
• 1855 - Kassa Hailu is crowned Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia, by Abuna Salama III in a ceremony at the church of Derasge Maryam.
• 1858 - The Blessed Virgin Mary reputedly appears to Saint Bernadette Soubirous of Lourdes.
• 1861 - American Civil War: United States House of Representatives unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing noninterference with slavery in any state.
• 1873 - King Amadeus I of Spain abdicates.
• 1889 - Meiji constitution of Japan adopted; 1st Diet of Japan convenes in 1890.
• 1895 - The lowest ever UK temperature of -27.2°C was recorded at Braemar in Aberdeenshire. This record was equalled on 10 January 1982 and again on 30 December 1995.
• 1902 - Police assault universal suffrage demonstrators in Brussels.
• 1903 - Anton Bruckner's 9th Symphony receives its first performance in Vienna.
• 1905 - Pope Pius X publishes the encyclical Vehementer nos.
• 1916 - Emma Goldman arrested for lecturing on birth control.
• 1919 - Friedrich Ebert (SPD), elected President of Germany.
• 1929 - Italy and the Vatican sign the Lateran Treaty.
• 1937 - A sit-down strike ends when General Motors recognizes the United Auto Workers Union.
• 1938 - BBC Television produces the world's first ever science fiction television program, an adaptation of a section of the Karel Capek play R.U.R. (The play which coined the term "robot").
• 1939 - Lockheed P-38 flies from California to New York in 7 hours 2 minutes.
• 1941 - First Gold record presented to Glenn Miller for "Chattanooga Choo Choo".
• 1943 - General Dwight Eisenhower selected to command the allied armies in Europe.
• 1948 - John Costello succeeds Éamon de Valera as Taoiseach of Ireland.
• 1953 - President Dwight Eisenhower refuses clemency appeal for Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
• 1953 - The Soviet Union breaks off diplomatic relations with Israel.
• 1961 - Trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.
• 1963 - The Beatles tape 10 tracks for their first album, including "Please, Please Me".
• 1964 - At the Washington, DC Coliseum, The Beatles have their 1st live appearance in the United States.
• 1964 - Greeks and Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.
• 1964 - The Republic of China (Taiwan) breaks off diplomatic relations with France.
• 1968 - Israeli-Jordanian border clashes.
• 1971 - Eighty-seven countries, including the US, UK, and USSR, sign the Seabed Treaty outlawing nuclear weapons in international waters.
• 1973 - Vietnam War: First release of American prisoners of war from Vietnam takes place.
• 1978 - Censorship: the People's Republic of China lifts a ban on works by Aristotle, Shakespeare and Dickens.
• 1979 - Islamic revolution of Iran achieved victory by leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
• 1981 - 100,000 gallons (380 m³) of radioactive coolant leak into the containment building of TVA Sequoyah 1 nuclear plant in Tennessee, contaminating 8 workers.
• 1987 - Philippines constitution goes into effect.
• 1990 - Nelson Mandela, a political prisoner for 27 years, is freed from Victor Verster Prison outside Cape Town, South Africa.
• 1990 - Mike Tyson lost the heavyweight crown by being knocked out by Buster Douglas
• 1991 - UNPO, the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, forms in The Hague, Netherlands.
• 2006 - U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney accidentally shoots Harry Whittington in the face while the two are hunting together.

[Misafir]

Events (February 12th)

• 1354 - Treaty of Stralsund settles border disputes between the duchies of Mecklenburg and Pomerania.
• 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Comte de Clermont and John Stuart in the Battle of Rouvray (also known as the Battle of the Herrings).
• 1502 - Vasco da Gama sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal on his second voyage to India.
• 1541 - Santiago, Chile is founded by Pedro de Valdivia.
• 1554 - A year after claiming the throne of England for nine days, Lady Jane Grey is beheaded for treason.
• 1689 - The Convention Parliament convenes and declares that the flight to France in 1688 by James II, the last Roman Catholic British monarch, constitutes an abdication.
• 1719 - The Onderlinge van 1719 u.a., the oldest existing life insurance company in the Netherlands is founded.
• 1733 - Englishman James Oglethorpe founds the 13th United States colony of Georgia, and its first city at Savannah (known as Georgia Day).
• 1737 - The San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated.
• 1771 - Gustav III becomes the King of Sweden when his father Adolf Frederick "[eats] himself to death".
• 1817 - Argentine/Chilean patriotic army, after crossing the Andes, defeat Spanish troops on the battle of Chacabuco.
• 1818 - Bernardo O'Higgins signs the Independence of Chile near Concepción.
• 1825 - The Creek cede the last of their lands in Georgia to the United States government, and migrate west.
• 1832 - Ecuador annexes the Galápagos Islands.
• 1870 - Women gain the right to vote in Utah Territory.
• 1879 - At New York City's Madison Square Garden the first artificial ice rink in North America opens.
• 1892 - Former President Abraham Lincoln's birthday is declared a national holiday in the United States.
• 1894 - Anarchist Emile Henry hurls a bomb into Paris's Cafe Terminus, killing one and wounding 20.
• 1909 - The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded.
• 1912 - Xuantong Emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, the last Emperor of China, abdicates.
• 1912 - the Republic of China adopts the Gregorian calendar.
• 1914 - In Washington, DC, the first stone of the Lincoln Memorial is put into place.
• 1924 - Premiere of George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue with Paul Whiteman's Palais Royal Orchestra in Aeolian Hall in New York City
• 1924 - Calvin Coolidge becomes the first President of the United States to deliver a political speech on radio.
• 1934 - The Austrian Civil War begins.
• 1934 - The Export-Import Bank of the United States is incorporated.
• 1934 - In Spain the national council of Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista is inaugurated. The council decides to merge the movement with the Falange Española.
• 1946 - Operation Deadlight ends after scuttling 121 of 154 captured U-boats.
• 1947 - New Look launched by Christian Dior
• 1951 - Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiari marries the Shah of Iran Reza Pahlavi at Golestan Palace in Teheran at the age of 17.
• 1966 - Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, announced famous Six Points in Karachi as election manifesto of Awami League that later led to formation of Bangladesh.
• 1973 - Ohio becomes the first U.S. state to post distance in SI units on signs.
• 1973 - Vietnam War: The first United States prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong.
• 1990 - Super Mario Bros. 3, technically the best selling video game of all time, is released in the United States.
• 1997 - Hwang Jang-yop, secretary in the Workers' Party of Korea and a prime architect of North Korea's Juche doctrine, defects at the South Korean embassy in Beijing along with his aide, Kim Dok-hong.
• 1998 - The presidential line-item veto is declared unconstitutional by United States federal judge.
• 1999 - President Bill Clinton is acquitted by the United States Senate in his impeachment trial.
• 2001 - NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft touchdown in the "saddle" region of 433 Eros becoming the first spacecraft to land on an asteroid.
• 2002 - The trial of former President of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milošević begins at the United Nations war crimes tribunal in The Hague. Milošević eventually dies before its conclusion.
• 2002 - Nuclear waste: US Secretary of Energy makes the decision that Yucca Mountain is suitable to be the United States' nuclear repository.
• 2002 - An Iran Air Tupolev Tu-154 crashes prior to landing in Khorramabad, Iran, killing 119.
• 2004 - On National Freedom to Marry Day, two days after Mayor Gavin Newsom of San Francisco, California, issued a directive to the county clerk, the City and County of San Franciso begins issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
• 2006 - A powerful Nor'easter Winter Storm blankets the Northeastern United States dumping 1 to 2 feet of snow from Washington DC up to Boston, Massachusetts. The storm dumped a record 26.9 inches of snow in New York City.
• 2006 - Second Sydney Body Art Ride breaks World record for the largest ever group of painted people and raises over $10,000 for Children's Cancer Research.

[Misafir]

Events (February 13th)

• 1130 - Innocent II is voted Pope.
• 1542 - Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery.
• 1575 - Henry III of France is crowned at Rheims.
• 1633 - Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition.
• 1635 - The first public school in the U.S., Boston Latin School, is founded.
• 1668 - Spain recognizes Portugal as an independent nation.
• 1689 - William and Mary are proclaimed co-rulers of England.
• 1692 - Massacre of Glencoe : About 78 Macdonalds at Glen Coe, Scotland are killed early in the morning for not promptly pledging allegiance to the new king, William of Orange.
• 1815 - The Cambridge Union Society founded.
• 1866 - Jesse James and his gang commit the first armed bank robbery in United States history during peacetime in Liberty, Missouri.
• 1880 - Thomas Edison observes the Edison effect.
• 1881 - The feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is first published in Paris by activist Hubertine Auclert.
• 1894 - Auguste and Louis Lumière patent the Cinematographe, a combination movie camera and projector.
• 1899 - Tallahassee, Florida records its all time coldest temperature of -2 degrees Fahrenheit.
• 1901 - May be the day after a truncated January 19, 2038 on Unix and Unix-like computer systems still suffering from the year 2038 problem
• 1914 - Copyright: In New York City the ASCAP (for American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.
• 1920 - The Negro National League is formed.
• 1934 - The Soviet steamship Cheliuskin sinks in the Arctic Ocean.
• 1935 - A jury in Flemington, New Jersey finds Bruno Hauptmann guilty of the 1932 kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh baby, the son of Charles Lindbergh.
• 1945 - World War II: Red Army forces take Budapest, Hungary from Wehrmacht forces.
• 1945 - World War II: The Royal Air Force bombers were dispatched to Dresden, Germany to raid the city by massive aerial bombardment (see Bombing of Dresden in World War II).
• 1955 - Israel obtains 4 of the 7 Dead Sea scrolls.
• 1960 - Nuclear testing: France tests its first atomic bomb.
• 1971 - Vietnam War: Backed by American air and artillery support, South Vietnamese troops invade Laos.
• 1974 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in 1970, is exiled from the Soviet Union.
• 1975 - There was a fire in the World Trade Center in New York City, New York.
• 1978 - Hilton bombing: a bomb explodes in a refuse truck outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing two refuse collectors and a policeman.
• 1979 - The intense February 13, 1979 Windstorm strikes western Washington and sinks a 1/2-mile-long section of the Hood Canal Bridge.
• 1984 - Konstantin Chernenko succeeds the late Yuri Andropov as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• 1988 - Olympic Games: Winter Olympic Games - The XV Olympic Winter Games open in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
• 1990 - German reunification: An agreement is reached for a two-stage plan to reunite Germany.
• 1991 - Gulf War: Two laser-guided "smart bombs" destroy a bunker in Baghdad. The bunker was being used as a military communications outpost and unknown to allied forces, as a shelter for Iraqi civilians.
• 1996 - The Nepalese Civil War began.
• 1997 - Space Shuttle program: STS-82 Mission - Tune-up and repair work on the Hubble Space Telescope started by astronauts from the Space Shuttle Discovery.
• 1997 - The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above 7,000 for the first time closing at 7,022.44.
• 2000 - The last original "Peanuts" comic strip appears in newspapers one day after Charles M. Schulz dies.
• 2001 - An earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter Scale hits El Salvador, killing at least 400.
• 2004 - The Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics discovers the universe's largest known diamond, white dwarf star BPM 37093.

[Misafir]

Events (February 14th)

• 842 - Charles the Balding and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in French and German language.
• 1014 - Pope Boniface I recognizes Henry of Bavaria as King of Germany.
• 1076 - Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
• 1556 - Thomas Cranmer is declared a heretic.
• 1743 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister.
• 1779 - James Cook was killed by the natives of the Sandwich Islands.
• 1797 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Cape St. Vincent - John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent & Horatio Nelson (later 1st Viscount Nelson) led the British Royal Navy to victory over a Spanish fleet in action near Gibraltar.
• 1803 - Chief Justice John Marshall declares that any act of U.S. Congress which conflicts with the Constitution is void.
• 1804 - Karadjordje leads the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire.
• 1831 - Ras Marye of Yejju marches into Tigray and defeats and kills dejjazmatch Sabagadis in the Battle of Debre Abbay.
• 1835 - The original Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, is formed in Kirtland, Ohio.
• 1843 - The event that inspired the song Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite! is held.
• 1849 - In New York City, James Knox Polk becomes the first President of the United States to have his photograph taken.
• 1854 - Texas linked by telegraph with the rest of the United States, with the completion of a connection between New Orleans and Marshall, Texas.
• 1859 - Oregon admitted as the 33rd U.S. state.
• 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell applies for a patent for the telephone,as does Elisha Gray.
• 1879 - The War of the Pacific breaks out when Chilean armed forces occupy the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta.
• 1886 - First trainload of oranges left Los Angeles via the transcontinental railroad.
• 1895 - First performance of Oscar Wilde's last play The Importance of Being Earnest at the St James's Theatre in London).
• 1899 - Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.
• 1900 - Russia responds to international pressure to free Finland by tightening imperial control over the country.
• 1900 - Second Boer War: In South Africa, 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
• 1903 - The United States Department of Commerce and Labor is established (later split into Dept. of Commerce and Dept. of Labor).
• 1912 - Arizona admitted as the 48th U.S. state.
• 1912 - In Groton, Connecticut, the first diesel-powered submarine is commissioned.
• 1918 - Tarzan of the Apes, the first movie featuring Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan character, is released.
• 1918 - The Soviet Union adopts the Gregorian calendar (1 February according to the Julian calendar).
• 1919 - The Polish-Soviet War begins.
• 1920 - The League of Women Voters is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1924 - The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is founded.
• 1929 - St. Valentine's Day Massacre: Seven gangster rivals of Al Capone are murdered in Chicago, Illinois.
• 1942 - Battle of Pasir Panjang contributes to the fall of Singapore.
• 1943 - World War II: Rostov-on-Don, Russia is liberated.
• 1943 - World War II: Battle of the Kasserine Pass - German General Erwin Rommel and the Afrika Korps launch an offensive against Allied defenses in Tunisia.
• 1944 - World War II: Anti-Japanese revolt on Java.
• 1945 - On the second day of the Bombing of Dresden in World War II the British Royal Air Force and the United States Army Air Forces begin fire-bombing Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony.
• 1945 - Bombing of Prague - probably due to a mistake in the orientation of the pilots bombing Dresden.
• 1945 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt meets with King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia aboard the USS Quincy, officially starting the U.S.-Saudi diplomatic relationship.
• 1945 - Mostar is liberated by Yugoslav partisans.
• 1946 - The Bank of England is nationalized.
• 1949 - The Knesset (Israeli parliament) first convenes.
• 1949 - The Asbestos Strike begins in Canada. The strike marks the beginning of the Quiet Revolution in Quebec.
• 1952 - Olympic Games: Winter Olympic Games - VI Olympic Winter Games open in Oslo, Norway.
• 1956 - The XX Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union starts in Moscow. In the last night of the meeting, in a secret session, Premier Nikita Khruschev condemns Josef Stalin's crimes.
• 1961 - Discovery of the chemical elements: Element 103, Lawrencium, is first synthesized at the University of California.
• 1962 - First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy takes television viewers on a tour of the White House.
• 1966 - Australian currency is decimalised.
• 1966 - The Irish Institute in Mexico City is founded by Fr. Marcial Maciel
• 1979 - In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police.
• 1980 - Olympic Games: Winter Olympic Games - XIII Olympic Winter Games open in Lake Placid, New York.
• 1980 - Walter Cronkite announces his retirement from the CBS Evening News.
• 1981 - Stardust Disaster. A fire in a Dublin nightclub kills 48 people
• 1983 - United American Bank of Knoxville, Tennessee collapses. Its president, Jake Butcher is later convicted of fraud.
• 1984 - British ice dance team Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean win gold at the Olympic Games in Sarajevo for their free dance Bolero.
• 1985 - CNN reporter Jeremy Levin is freed from captivity in Lebanon.
• 1989 - Union Carbide agrees to pay $470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopal Disaster.
• 1989 - Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini issues a fatwa encouraging Muslims to kill the author of The Satanic Verses, Salman Rushdie.
• 1989 - The first of 24 satellites of the Global Positioning System is placed into orbit.
• 1996 - China launches a Long March 3 rocket, carrying a Intelsat 708 satellite, that ended in tragedy: The rocket flew off course 3 seconds after liftoff and crashed into the nearest rural village. A number of people are killed. It is later discovered that a gust of wind caused the incident.
• 1998 - Authorities in the United States announce that Eric Robert Rudolph is a suspect in an Alabama abortion clinic bombing.
• 2000 - The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker enters orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.
• 2002 - The Tullaghmurray Lass sinks off the coast of Kilkeel, County Down, Northern Ireland killing three members of the same family on board.
• 2004 - In a suburb of Moscow, Russia, the roof of the Transvaal water park collapses, killing more than 25 people, and wounding more than 100 others.
• 2005 - Lebanon's former Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri, is assassinated, prompting the Cedar Revolution (Intifada of Independence).
• 2005 - Seven people were killed and 151 wounded in a series of bombings by suspected Al-Qaeda-linked militants that hit the Philippines' Makati financial district in Metro Manila, Davao City, and General Santos City.
• 2006 - chip and PIN - UK cardholders had to use their PIN to be sure they could pay with their chip and PIN card. This change was made to better protect cardholders against fraudsters.