[Misafir]

Events (March 7th)

• 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, an unprecedented political arrangement in the Roman Empire.
• 321 - Roman Emperor Constantine I decrees that the dies Solis Invicti (sun-day) is the day of rest in the Empire.
• 851 - Death of the King of Brittany Nominoë in Vendome.
• 1277 - Condemnation of 219 philosophical and theological theses by Stephen Tempier, Bishop of Paris.
• 1798 - The French army enters Rome: the birth of the Roman Republic.
• 1799 - Napoleon I of France captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives.
• 1814 - Napoleon I of France wins the Battle of Craonne.
• 1815 - Napoleon I of France meets troops of the Fifth Regiment sent by Louis XVIII at Grenoble, and convinces them to join him on his march to Paris.
• 1827 - Brazil marines sail up the Rio Negro (Argentina) and attack the temporary naval base of Carmen de Patagones, Argentina. They are defeated by the local citizens.
• 1827 - Shrigley Abduction: Ellen Turner, a wealthy heiress in Cheshire, England is abducted by Edward Gibbon Wakefield, a future politician in colonial New Zealand.
• 1848 - The Great mahele (land division) is signed in Hawaii.
• 1850 - United States Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorses the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war.
• 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Pea Ridge - Union forces led by General Samuel Curtis defeat Confederate troops under General Earl Van Dorn at Pea Ridge in northwestern Arkansas.
• 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the telephone (patent # 174,465).
• 1887 - First school in Albanian language opens in the city of Korca, Albania.
• 1911 - Revolution in Mexico.
• 1912 - Roald Amundsen first announces to the world that his expedition has reached the South Pole, though they had arrived on December 14, 1911.
• 1918 - World War I: Finland forms an alliance with Germany.
• 1936 - World War II: In violation of the Locarno Pact and the Treaty of Versailles, Germany reoccupies the Rhineland.
• 1945 - World War II: American troops seize the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine River at Remagen, Germany and begin to cross.
• 1947 - The Kuomintang and Communist Party of China resume full-fledged Civil War.
• 1948 - The Dodecanese islands officially become part of Greece again, ending the Italian rule.
• 1950 - Cold War: The Soviet Union issues a statement denying that Klaus Fuchs served as a Soviet spy.
• 1951 - Korean War: Operation Ripper - In Korea, United Nations troops led by General Matthew Ridgeway begin an assault against Chinese forces.
• 1965 - In Selma, Alabama, State troopers and local law enforcement forcefully break up a group of 600 civil rights marchers. The event was televised and was dubbed Bloody Sunday.
• 1969 - Golda Meir elected as the first female Prime Minister of Israel.
• 1973 - The ultimately disappointing Comet Kohoutek is discovered by Luboš Kohoutek.
• 1983 - Spike TV begins broadcasting as the Nashville Network (TNN).
• 1984 - The United States attacks San Juan del Sur in Nicaragua.
• 1987 - Mike Tyson adds the WBA World Heavyweight boxing championship to his World Boxing Council title when he beats James Smith after a 12-round fight in Las Vegas, Nevada.
• 1988 - Colombia becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1989 - Iran and the United Kingdom break diplomatic relations after a row over Salman Rushdie and his controversial novel.
• 1989 - The State Council of the People's Republic of China declares martial law in Lhasa, Tibet.
• 1994 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc.that parodies of an original work are generally covered by the doctrine of fair use.
• 1994 - A gunman takes 8 people hostage in the Salt Lake City Public Library Hostage Incident.
• 1996 - The first democratically elected Palestinian parliament is formed.
• 2002 - Opening of The IX Paralympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City, Utah.
• 2004 - New Democracy wins the national elections in Greece.
• 2005 - Mass protest outside the National Assembly of Kuwait building for women's voting rights in Kuwait.
• 2007 - British House of Commons votes to make the upper chamber, the House of Lords, 100% elected.

[Misafir]

Events (March 8th)

• 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion.
• 1702 - Very unexpectedly, Anne Stuart, the sister of the childless Mary II, becomes Queen regnant of England, Scotland and Ireland after the death of William III of Orange.
• 1782 - Gnadenhütten massacre: Almost 100 Native Americans in Gnadenhutten, Ohio had their skulls crushed with mallets by Pennsylvanian militiamen.
• 1817 - The New York Stock Exchange is founded.
• 1844 - King Oscar I ascends to the throne of Sweden-Norway.
• 1862 - American Civil War: The iron-clad CSS Virginia (formerly USS Merrimack) is launched at Hampton Roads, Virginia.
• 1884 - Susan B. Anthony testifies before the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives arguing for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution granting women the right to vote.
• 1899 - Frankfurter Fußball-Club Victoria von 1899, prequel for Eintracht Frankfurt is founded
• 1906 - Moro Crater Massacre: U.S. troops occupying the Philippines massacre about 600 men, women and children taking refuge in a crater.
• 1911 - International Women's Day is celebrated for the first time.
• 1917 - The February Revolution breaks out in Russia (February 23 O.S.).
• 1917 - The United States Senate adopts the cloture rule in order to limit filibusters.
• 1918 - The first case of Spanish flu occurs, the start of a devastating pandemic.
• 1921 - Spanish Premier Eduardo Dato is assassinated while exiting the parliament building in Madrid.
• 1924 - Castle Gate mine disaster kills 172 coal miners near Castle Gate, Utah
• 1936 - The first stock car race is held in Daytona Beach, Florida.
• 1942 - World War II: The Dutch surrender to Japanese forces on Java.
• 1942 - World War II: Japan captures Rangoon, Burma.
• 1943 - World War II: Japanese troops counter-attack American forces on Hill 700 in Bougainville in a battle that will last five days.
• 1948 - The United States Supreme Court rules that religious instruction in public schools violated the Constitution.
• 1950 - The Soviet Union claims to have an atomic bomb.
• 1952 - Antoine Pinay becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1957 - Egypt re-opens the Suez Canal.
• 1957 - The 1957 Georgia Memorial to Congress, which declares ratification of the 14th & 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution null and void, is adopted by the U.S. state of Georgia.
• 1965 - Vietnam War: 3,500 United States Marines arrive in South Vietnam, becoming the first American combat troops in Vietnam.
• 1966 - Vietnam War: Australia announces it is going to substantially increase its number of troops in Vietnam.
• 1966 - A bomb planted by young Irish protesters destroys Nelson's Pillar in Dublin.
• 1968 - Bill Graham opens the Fillmore East in New York City.
• 1971 - Joe Frazier defeats Muhammad Ali in the first of three epic bouts. Frazier defends the world Heavyweight title in a star-studded Madison Square Garden.
• 1974 - Charles de Gaulle Airport opens in Paris, France.
• 1978 - The first-ever radio episode of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, by Douglas Adams, is transmitted on BBC Radio 4.
• 1983 - President Ronald Reagan calls the Soviet Union an evil empire.
• 1985 - A failed assassination attempt on Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in a car-bombing in Beirut kills 85 people and injures 175.
• 1999 - Oklahoma City bombing: The Supreme Court of the United States upholds the murder convictions of Timothy McVeigh.
• 2000 - A collision between two Tokyo Metro trains kills 5 people.
• 2004 - A new constitution is signed by Iraq's Governing Council.

[Misafir]

Events (March 9th)

• 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia.
• 1230 - Bulgarian tsar Ivan Asen II defeats Theodore of Epirus near the village of Klokotnitsa.
• 1276 - Augsburg becomes an Imperial Free City.
• 1500 - The fleet of Pedro Alvares Cabral leaves Lisbon for the Indies. The fleet will discover the sea route to Brazil, already Portuguese since the treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.
• 1566 - David Rizzio, the private secretary to Mary I of Scotland, is murdered in the Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland.
• 1765 - After a public campaign by the writer Voltaire, judges in Paris posthumously exonerate Jean Calas of murdering his son. Calas had been tortured and executed in 1762 on the charge, though his son had actually committed suicide.
• 1796 - Napoléon Bonaparte marries his first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais.
• 1841 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the Amistad case, concerning captive Africans who seized control of the slave-trading ship carrying them: the court rules that they had been taken into slavery illegally.
• 1842 - Giuseppe Verdi's third opera Nabucco premieres in Milan; its success establishes Verdi as one of Italy's foremost opera writers.
• 1847 - Mexican-American War: United States forces under General Winfield Scott invade Mexico near Vera Cruz.
• 1856 - Sigma Alpha Epsilon is founded in the Johnston Mansion House on the University of Alabama
• 1862 - American Civil War: The first battle between two ironclad warships, a five-hour battle near Hampton Roads, Virginia between the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia, results in a draw.
• 1908 - Inter Milan is founded.
• 1916 - Pancho Villa leads 1,500 Mexican raiders in an attack against Columbus, New Mexico, killing 17.
• 1924 - Italy annexes Fiume.
• 1932 - The Egyptian University rector "Ahmed Lotfy El-Said" resigns in protest of the transfer of Dr.Taha Hussein without the University's permission. In 2003, an academic group called "March 9" is established in Egypt to defend academic rights and university independence.
• 1932 - The first Ford Flathead engine leaves the assembly line at Ford Motor Company.
• 1933 - Great Depression: The U.S. Congress begins its first 100 days of enacting New Deal legislation. President Franklin D. Roosevelt submits the Emergency Banking Act to Congress.
• 1935 - Hitler announces the creation of a new air force.
• 1945 - World War II: Bombing of Tokyo - American B-29 bombers attack Tokyo, Japan with incendiary bombs. The resulting fire storm kills over 100,000 people.
• 1954 - McCarthyism: CBS television broadcasts the See It Now episode, "A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy," produced by Edward R. Murrow.
• 1957 - The magnitude 8.6 1957 Andreanof Islands Earthquake and tsunami occurs.
• 1959 - The Barbie doll debuts.
• 1964 - The first Ford Mustang rolls off the assembly line at Ford Motor Company.
• 1966 - Ronnie Kray murders George Cornell in the Blind Beggar pub.
• 1967 - Josef Stalin's daughter Svetlana Alliluyeva defects to the United States.
• 1975 - Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System begins.
• 1976 - Forty-two people die in a Cavalese cable-car disaster, the worst cable-car accident to date.
• 1977 - The 1977 Hanafi Muslim Siege: Approximately a dozen armed Hanafi Muslims take over 3 buildings in Washington, DC, killing 1 person and taking more than 130 hostages. The hostage situation ends 2 days later.
• 1981 - Dan Rather succeeds Walter Cronkite as the anchorman of The CBS Evening News.
• 1984 - The Competitive Enterprise Institute in founded in Washington, D.C.
• 1986 - United States Navy divers find the largely intact but heavily-damaged crew compartment of the Space Shuttle Challenger. The bodies of all seven astronauts were still inside.
• 1987 - Rock band U2 release the album The Joshua Tree.
• 1989 - A strike forces financially-troubled Eastern Air Lines into bankruptcy.
• 1990 - Dr. Antonia Novello is sworn in as Surgeon General of the United States, becoming the first female and Hispanic American to serve in that position.
• 1990 - Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Clyde Wells confirms he will rescind Newfoundland's approval of the Meech Lake Accord, effectively killing the Accord.
• 1991 - Massive demonstrations are held against Slobodan Milošević in Belgrade. Two people are killed and tanks are in the streets.
• 1993 - Rodney King testifies at the federal trial of four Los Angeles, California police officers accused of violating King's civil rights when they beat him during an arrest.
• 1997 - Rapper The Notorious B.I.G. is shot and killed in Los Angeles.
• 2000 - The Tampa Bay Lightning National Hockey League club names Vincent Lecavalier the youngest captain of any sports team (19 years 43 days old), passing Detroit Red Wing Steve Yzerman's old record (21 years 149 days).
• 2004 - John Allen Muhammad is sentenced to death for his part in the Beltway sniper attacks of October 2002. Lee Boyd Malvo is sentenced to life in prison.
• 2004 - A terrorist attack on a restaurant in Istanbul kills one and injures 5.
• 2005 - Dan Rather presents his final broadcast of the CBS Evening News.
• 2006 - Liquid water is discovered on Enceladus, the sixth largest moon of Saturn.

[Misafir]

Events (March 10th)

• 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet; end of First Punic War.
• 1496 - Christopher Columbus leaves Hispaniola for Spain, ending his second visit to the Western Hemisphere.
• 1629 - Charles I of England dissolves Parliament, starting the Eleven Years Tyranny in which there was no parliament.
• 1735 - An agreement between Nadir Shah and Paul I of Russia is signed near Ganja and the Russian troops are withdrawn from Baku.
• 1801 - First census in Great Britain
• 1804 - Louisiana Purchase: In St. Louis, a formal ceremony is conducted to transfer ownership of Louisiana Territory from France to the United States.
• 1814 - Napoleon I of France is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France.
• 1830 - The KNIL also known as the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army is created.
• 1831 - The French Foreign Legion is established by King Louis-Philippe to support his war in Algeria.
• 1848 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is ratified by the United States Senate, ending the Mexican-American War.
• 1861 - El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Segou, destroying the Bambara Empire of Mali.
• 1864 - American Civil War: The Red River Campaign begins as Union troops reach Alexandria, Louisiana.
• 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell makes the first successful telephone call by saying "Mr. Watson, come here, I want to see you."
• 1880 - Members of the Salvation Army land in the United States and begin operations.
• 1891 - Almon Strowger, an undertaker in Topeka, Kansas, patents the strowger switch, a device which led to the automation of telephone circuit switching.
• 1893 - Côte d'Ivoire becomes a French colony.
• 1902 - Second Boer War: South African Boers win their last battle over British forces, with the capture of a British general and 200 of his men.
• 1902 - A United States court of appeals rules that Thomas Edison did not invent the movie camera.
• 1902 - Tochangri, Turkey, is completely destroyed by an earthquake.
• 1905 - Eleftherios Venizelos asks the independence of Crete and its union with Greece again, starting the Cretan Revolution in Theriso.
• 1906 - The Courrières mine disaster, Europe's worst ever, kills 1099 miners in Northern France.
• 1912 - Yuan Shikai is sworn in as the second Provisional President of the Republic of China.
• 1917 - Batangas was formally founded as one of the Philippines's earliest encomiendas.
• 1918 - Warner Bros. releases its first major film My Four Years in German.
• 1925 - Olympiacos is founded in Piraeus.
• 1926 - The first Book-of-the-Month-Club selection is produced.
• 1933 - An earthquake in Long Beach, California kills 120 people.
• 1941 - 13 firefighters die in a fire at The Strand Theater in Brockton, Massachusetts
• 1945 - The Army Air Force firebombs Tokyo, and the resulting firestorm kills more than 100,000 people, mostly civilians.
• 1948 - The Indian Union Muslim League is founded, by remnants of the old Muslim League.
• 1951 - Henri Queuille becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1952 - Fulgencio Batista leads a successful coup in Cuba.
• 1959 - Tibet leads an unsuccessful uprising against ten years of Chinese occupation in Lhasa. Thousands massacred by the occupying Chinese army.
• 1964 - The Ford Mustang is first produced by the Ford Motor Company.
• 1966 - Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands marries Claus von Amsberg.
• 1969 - In Memphis, Tennessee, James Earl Ray pleads guilty to assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. He would later retract his guilty plea.
• 1970 - Vietnam War: Capt. Ernest Medina is charged with My Lai war crimes.
• 1975 - Vietnam War: North Vietnamese troops attack Ban Me Thuot, South Vietnam, on their way to capturing Saigon.
• 1977 - Rings of Uranus: Astronomers discover rings around Uranus.
• 1982 - The United States places an embargo on Libyan petroleum imports because of their support of terrorist groups.
• 1982 - Syzygy: all 9 planets align on the same side of the Sun.
• 1987 - The Holy See condemns the practice of surrogate motherhood, along with test-tube babies and artificial insemination.
• 1990 - In Haiti, Prosper Avril is ousted 18 months after seizing power in a coup.
• 1991 - Gulf War: Operation Phase Echo - 540,000 American troops begin to leave the Persian Gulf.
• 1998 - American troops stationed in the Persian Gulf begin to receive the first vaccinations against anthrax.
• 2000 - The NASDAQ stock market index peaks at 5048.62, signaling the beginning of the end of the dot-com boom.
• 2004 - Six Flags sells 8 of its theme parks to private investors.
• 2006 - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter arrives at Mars.
• 2006 - Mass unrest by the PCC started in São Paulo (the biggest city in Brazil) which would eventually kill more than 152 people

[Misafir]

Events (March 11th)

• 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (According to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty).
• 928 - Trpimir II succeedes to the Croatian throne
• 1387 - Battle of Castagnaro
• 1513 - Leo X is elected Pope.
• 1649 - The Frondeurs (rebels) and the French government sign the Peace of Rueil.
• 1702 - The first regular English-language newspaper, The Daily Courant, is published in London.
• 1708 - Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from a militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.
• 1779 - Army Corps of Engineers for the United States was authorized by the Congress
• 1801 - Paul I of Russia is assassinated, leading the way for his son Alexander I to accede the throne.
• 1824 - The United States War Department creates the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
• 1845 - The Flagstaff War: In New Zealand, Chiefs Hone Heke and Kawiti led 700 Māoris to chop down the British flagpole and drive settlers out of the British colonial settlement of Kororareka because of breaches of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi.
• 1845 - British citizen Henry Jones invents self-raising flour.
• 1848 - Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin become the first Prime Ministers of the Province of Canada to be democratically elected under a system of responsible government.
• 1851 - The first performance of Rigoletto, written by Verdi.
• 1861 - American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.
• 1864 - The Great Sheffield Flood: The largest man-made disaster ever to befall England kills over 250 people in Sheffield.
• 1867 - The first performance of Don Carlos written by Verdi.
• 1872 - Work began erecting Seven Sisters Colliery, South Wales; Located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain. Also on this day in 1872, the Meiji Japanese government officially annexes the Ryukyu Kingdom into what would become the Okinawa prefecture.
• 1888 - The Great Blizzard of '88 begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400.
• 1897 - A meteorite enters the earth's atmosphere and explodes over New Martinsville, West Virginia. The debris causes damage but no human injuries are reported.
• 1900 - Second Boer War: Boer leader Paul Kruger's peace overtures are rejected by Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Lord Salisbury.
• 1912 - Eleftherios Venizelos, leader of the Liberal Party, wins the Greek elections again.
• 1917 - World War I: Baghdad falls to the Anglo-Indian forces commanded by General Stanley Maude.
• 1927 - In New York City, Samuel Roxy Rothafel opens the Roxy Theatre.
• 1931 - Ready for Labour and Defence of the USSR, abbreviated as GTO, is introduced in the Soviet Union
• 1936 - British Prime Minister pardons five convicted Irish militants who promise to join growing conflict with Germany.
• 1941 - World War II: President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs the Lend-Lease Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the Allies on loan.
• 1942 - World War II: General Douglas MacArthur abandons Corregidor.
• 1945 - World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy attempts a large-scale kamikaze attack on the U.S. Pacific fleet anchored at Ulithi atoll in Operation Tan No. 2.
• 1966 - President Sukarno of Indonesia was forced to give up his executive power.
• 1966 - A fire at two ski resorts in Numata, Japan kills 31 people.
• 1977 - The 1977 Hanafi Muslim Siege: 130+ hostages held in Washington, D.C., by Hanafi Muslims were set free after ambassadors from three Islamic nations joined negotiations.
• 1978 - Nine Palestinian Al Fatah guerillas hijack a bus in Israel, killing 34 civilians and wounding 70 before being killed by security forces. The Israelis retaliate by invading southern Lebanon three days later, under codename Operation Litani.
• 1983 - Bob Hawke becomes 23rd Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1985 - Mikhail Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader.
• 1988 - Iran-Iraq War: Ceasefire declared.
• 1990 - Lithuania declares itself independent from the Soviet Union.
• 1990 - Patricio Aylwin is sworn-in as the first democratically elected Chilean president since 1970.
• 1991 - A curfew is imposed on black townships in South Africa after fighting between rival political gangs kills 49.
• 1993 - Janet Reno is confirmed by the United States Senate and sworn-in the next day, becoming the first female Attorney General of the United States.
• 1996 - John Howard comes to power as the twenty-fifth Prime Minister of Australia.
• 1996 - EU Database Directive passed
• 1997 - An explosion at a nuclear waste reprocessing plant in Japan exposes 35 workers to low-level radioactive contamination in the worst nuclear accident in Japan's history.
• 1999 - Infosys becomes the first Indian company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange.
• 2003 - The International Criminal Court is founded in The Hague.
• 2004 - Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid kill 192 people.
• 2006 - Michelle Bachelet inaugurated as first female president of Chile.