[Hi-LaL]

Events (May 7th)

• 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses. Justinian I immediately orders the dome rebuilt.
• 1274 - In France, the Second Council of Lyons opens to regulate the election of the Pope.
• 1429 - Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans, pulling an arrow from her own shoulder and returning wounded to lead the final charge. The victory marks a turning point in the Hundred Years' War.
• 1697 - Stockholm's royal castle (dating back to medieval times) is destroyed in a huge fire (in the 18th century, it is replaced with the current Royal Palace).
• 1763 - Indian Wars: Pontiac's Rebellion begins - Chief Pontiac begins the "Conspiracy of Pontiac" by attacking British forces at Fort Detroit.
• 1824 - World premiere of Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in Vienna, Austria. Work was conducted by Michael Umlauf, under the deaf composer's supervision.
• 1832 - Greece is recognised independent by the Treaty of London. Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria is chosen King.
• 1840 - The Great Natchez Tornado strikes Natchez, Mississippi, killing 317 people. It is the second deadliest tornado in U.S. history.
• 1847 - In Philadelphia, the American Medical Association (AMA) is founded.
• 1864 - American Civil War: The Army of the Potomac, under General Ulysses S. Grant, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.
• 1895 - In Saint Petersburg, Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrates to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society his invention - the first in the world radio receiver. In the former Soviet Union this day is celebrated as Day of Radio.
• 1896 - H. H. Holmes is hanged in Philadelphia.
• 1915 - World War I: a GermansubmarineU-20 sinks the RMS Lusitania, killing 1,198 people.
• 1920 - Polish-Bolshevik War: Polish-Ukrainian troops capture Kyiv during the Kiev Offensive.
• 1937 - Spanish Civil War: The GermanCondor Legion, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrive in Spain to assist Franco's forces.
• 1945 - World War II: General Alfred Jodl signs unconditional surrender terms at Reims, France, ending Germany's participation in the war. The document will take effect the next day.
• 1946 - Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering (later renamed Sony) is founded with about 20 employees.
• 1947 - Kraft Television Theater debuts, running for the next 11 years.
• 1948 - The Council of Europe is founded during the Hague Congress.
• 1952 - The concept for the integrated circuit, the basis for all modern computers, is first published by Geoffrey W.A. Dummer.
• 1954 - Indochina War: The Battle of Dien Bien Phu ends in a French defeat (the battle began on March 13).
• 1960 - Cold War: U-2 Crisis - Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announces that his nation is holding AmericanU-2 pilot Gary Powers.
• 1964 - A Pacific Air LinesFairchild F-27 airliner crashes near San Ramon, California, killing all 44 aboard; the FBI later reports that a cockpit recorder tape indicates that the pilot and co-pilot had been shot by a suicidal passenger.
• 1974 - West German Chancellor Willy Brandt resigns.
• 1992 - Michigan ratifies a 203-year-old proposed amendment to the United States Constitution making the 27th Amendment law. This amendment bars the U.S. Congress from giving itself a mid-term pay raise.
• 1992 - Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on its maiden voyage.
• 1992 - Three employees at a McDonald's Restaurant in Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada, are brutally murdered and a fourth permanently disabled after a botched robbery. It is the first fast-food murder in Canada.
• 1998 - Mercedes-Benz buys Chrysler for US$40 billion and forms DaimlerChrysler in the largest industrial merger in history.
• 1999 - Pope John Paul II travels to Romania becoming the first pope that had visited a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the Great Schism in 1054.
• 1999 - A jury finds The Jenny Jones Show and Warner Bros. liable in the shooting death of Scott Amedure, after the show purposely deceived Jonathan Schmitz to appear on a secret same-sex crush episode. Schmitz later killed Amedure and the jury awarded Amedure's family US$25 million.
• 1999 - Kosovo War: In Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, three Chinese embassy workers are killed and 20 wounded when a NATO aircraft mistakenly bombs the Chinese embassy in Belgrade.
• 1999 - In Guinea-Bissau, President João Bernardo Vieira is ousted in a military coup.
• 2002 - A China Southern AirlinesMD-82 plunges into the Yellow Sea, killing 112 people.
• 2006 - Rolling Stone Magazine publishes its 1000th cover issue.
• 2006 - Arsenal F.C. play their last game at Highbury, or Arsenal Stadium. They have been playing there for 93 years.

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[Hi-LaL]

Events (May 8th)

• 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen revolt against King Henry VI.
• 1541 - Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River and names it Río de Espíritu Santo.
• 1794 - Branded a traitor during the Reign of Terror by revolutionists, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier, who was also a tax collector with the Ferme Générale, was tried, convicted, and guillotined all on one day in Paris.
• 1846 - Mexican-American War: The Battle of Palo Alto – Zachary Taylor defeats a Mexican force north of the Rio Grande in the first major battle of the war.
• 1861 - American Civil War: Richmond, Virginia, is named the capital of the Confederate States of America.
• 1877 - At Gilmore's Gardens in New York City, the first Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show opens (ends May 11).
• 1886 - Pharmacist Dr. John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonatedCoca-Cola". beverage that would later be named "
• 1896 - Against Warwickshire, Yorkshire sets a still-standing County Championship record when they accumulate an innings total of 887.
• 1898 - The first games of the Italian Football League are played.
• 1899 - The Irish Literary Theatre in Dublin opens.
• 1902 - In Martinique, Mount Pelée erupts, destroying the town of St. Pierre and killing over 30,000 people. Only a handful of residents survive the blast.
• 1914 - Paramount Pictures is formed.
• 1919 - Edward George Honey first proposed the idea of a moment of silence to commemorate The Armistice of World War I, which later resulted in the creation of Remembrance Day.
• 1933 - Mohandas Gandhi begins a 21-day fast in protest of British oppression in India.
• 1942 - World War II: The Battle of the Coral Sea comes to an end. This is the first time in the naval history where two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships.
• 1942 - World War II: On the night of 8/9 May 1942, gunners of the Ceylon Garrison Artillery on Horsburgh Island in the Cocos Islandsmutiny was crushed and three of them were executed, the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War. rebelled. Their
• 1945 - World War II: VE Day. German forces agree to an unconditional surrender.
• 1945 - Thousands of Algerian civilians are killed by French ArmySetif massacre. soldiers in the
• 1967 - The Philippine province of Davao is split into three: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental.
• 1972 - Vietnam War – U.S. President Richard M. Nixon announces his order to place mines in major North Vietnamese ports in order to stem the flow of weapons and other goods to that nation.
• 1973 - A 71-day standoff, between federal authorities and the American Indian Movement members occupying the Pine Ridge Reservation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, ends with the surrender of the militants.
• 1974 - The Canadian Government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau is defeated in the House of Commons.
• 1984 - The Soviet Union announces that it will boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.
• 1984 - Cpl. Denis Lortie enters the Quebec National Assembly and opens fire, killing three and wounding 13. René Jalbert, sergeant-at-arms of the assembly, succeeds in calming him, for which he will later receive the Cross of Valour.
• 1987 - The SAS ambushes and kills the Loughgall Martyrs.
• 1997 - A China Southern Airlines Boeing 737 crashes on approach into Shenzhen's Huangtian Airport, killing 35
• 1999 - Nancy Mace becomes the first female cadet to graduate from The Citadel military college.
• 2005 - The new Canadian War Museum opens, in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of V-E Day.

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[Misafir]

Events (May 9th)

• 328 - Athanasius is elected Patriarch bishop of Alexandria.
• 1092 - Lincoln Cathedral is consecrated.
• 1450 - 'Abd al-Latif Mirza (Timurid monarch) assassinated.
• 1502 - Christopher Columbus leaves Spain for his fourth and final journey to the "New World".
• 1671 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. He is immediately caught because he is too drunk to run with the loot. He is later condemned to death and then mysteriously pardoned and exiled by King Charles II.
• 1726 - Five men arrested during a raid on Mother Clap's molly house in London are executed at Tyburn.
• 1868 - The city of Reno, Nevada, is founded.
• 1874 - The first horse-drawn omnibus made its début in the city of Mumbai, plying on two routes.
• 1887 - Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show opens in London.
• 1901 - Australia opens its first parliament in Melbourne.
• 1914 - J.T. Hearne becomes the first bowler to take 3000 first-class wickets.
• 1915 - World War I: Second Battle of Artois between German and French forces.
• 1920 - Polish-Soviet War: The Polish army under General Edward Rydz-Śmigły celebrated their capture of Kiev with a victory parade on Khreschatyk.
• 1926 - Admiral Richard E. Byrd and Floyd Bennett claim to have flown over the North Pole (later discovery of his diary seems to indicate that this did not happen).
• 1927 - The Australian Parliament first convenes in Canberra.
• 1936 - Italy formally annexes Ethiopia after taking the capital Addis Ababa on May 5.
• 1940 - World War II: The German submarine U-9 sinks French coastal submarine Doris near Den Helder.
• 1941 - World War II: The German submarine U-110 is captured by the Royal Navy. On board is the latest Enigma cryptography machine which Allied cryptographers later use to break coded German messages.
• 1942 - World War II: Belgrade becomes the first Axis-conquered city to murder or eliminate its Jewish Population, largely with the help of Serbian collaborators.
• 1945 - World War II: The final German surrender to Marshal Georgy Zhukov at Berlin-Karlshorst is signed by Colonel-General Hans-Jürgen Stumpff as the representative of the Luftwaffe, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel as the Chief of Staff of OKW, and Admiral Hans-Georg von Friedeburg as Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine.
• 1945 - World War II: Hermann Göring is captured by the United States Army.
• 1945 - World War II: Norway arrests Vidkun Quisling.
• 1945 - World War II: Red Army enters Prague (capitulation of Nazi occupation troops)
• 1945 - World War II: The Soviet Union marks Victory Day.
• 1945 - World War II: The Channel Islands are formally liberated by the British.
• 1946 - King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy abdicates and is succeeded by Humbert II.
• 1949 - Rainier III of Monaco becomes Prince of Monaco.
• 1950 - Robert Schuman presents his proposal on the creation of an organized Europe, indispensable to the maintenance of peaceful relations. This proposal, known as the "Schuman declaration", is considered by some people to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the European Union.
• 1950 - L. Ron Hubbard publishes his book on Dianetics, entitled "Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health.
• 1955 - Cold War: West Germany joins NATO.
• 1955 - Sam and Friends debuts on a local US television channel, marking the first television appearance of both Jim Henson and what would become Kermit the Frog and the Muppets.
• 1956 - First ascent of Manaslu, the world's eighth-highest mountain.
• 1960 - Reproductive rights: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approves sale of the birth control pill.
• 1970 - Vietnam War: In Washington, D.C., 75,000 to 100,000 war protestors peacefully demonstrate behind a barricaded White House.
• 1974 - Watergate Scandal: The United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee opens formal and public impeachment hearings against President Richard M. Nixon.
• 1980 - In Florida, Liberian freighter SS Summit Venture hits the Sunshine Skyway Bridge over Tampa Bay sending 35 people (most in a bus) to a watery death as a 1,400-foot section of the bridge collapses.
• 1980 - The first meeting of Pope John Paul II and the Archbishop of Canterbury takes place in Ghana.
• 1987 - A Polish LOT Ilyushin IŁ 62M "Tadeusz Kościuszko" (SP-LBG). crashes after takeoff in Warsaw, Poland, killing 183 people.
• 1987 - In Brussels, Belgium, Johnny Logan wins the thirty-second Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland singinA
• 1988 - Jerry Lawler wins the AWA heavyweight title from Curt Hennig in a retirement match at the Mid-South Coliseum in Memphis, TN. This victory led to a later proclamation of a "Jerry Lawler" day from the mayor of Memphis.
• 1992 - In Malmö, Sweden, Linda Martin wins the thirty-seventh Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland singing "Why Me".
• 1992 - At 5:18 a.m. ADT The Westray Mine in Plymouth, Nova Scotia experiences a methane explosion killing all 26 miners who were working.
• 1994 - Nelson Mandela is inaugurated as South Africa's first black president.
• 1998 - In Birmingham, United Kingdom, Dana International wins the forty-third Eurovision Song Contest for Israel singing "Diva".
• 2002 - The 38-day stand-off in the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem comes to an end when the Palestinians inside agree to have 13 suspected militants among them deported to several different countries.
• 2002 - In Kaspiysk, Russia, a remote-controlled bomb explodes during a holiday parade killing 43 and injuring at least 130.
• 2004 - Chechen president Akhmad Kadyrov is killed in a landmine bomb blast under a VIP stage during a World War II memorial victory parade in Grozny, Chechnya
• 2004 - The Canadian national team wins the World Ice Hockey Championship in Prague.
• 2006 - The Red Hot Chilli Peppers' album Stadium Arcadium is released.

[Misafir]

Events (May 10th)

• 1291 - Scottish nobles recognize the authority of King Edward I of England.
• 1497 - Amerigo Vespucci allegedly leaves Cádiz for his first voyage to the New World.
• 1503 - Christopher Columbus visits the Cayman Islands and names them Las Tortugas after the numerous sea turtles there.
• 1534 - Jacques Cartier visits Newfoundland.
• 1768 - John Wilkes is imprisoned for writing an article for the North Briton severely criticizing King George III. This action provokes rioting in London.
• 1774 - Louis XVI becomes King of France.
• 1775 - American Revolutionary War: Fort Ticonderoga is taken by a small force led by Colonel Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen.
• 1775 - American Revolutionary War: Representatives from the 13 colonies of the United States meet in Philadelphia and raise the Continental Army to defend the new republic. They place it under command of Cavalier George Washington of Virginia.
• 1796 - First Coalition: Napoleon I of France wins a decisive victory against Austrian forces at Lodi bridge over the River Adda in Italy. The Austrians lose some 2,000 men.
• 1801 - First Barbary War: The Barbary pirates of Tripoli declare war on the United States.
• 1824 - National Gallery in London opens to the public.
• 1837 - Panic of 1837: New York City banks fail, and unemployment reaches record levels.
• 1857 - Indian Mutiny: In India, the Sepoys revolt against the British Army.
• 1865 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia.
• 1865 - American Civil War: Union soldiers ambush and mortally wound Confederate raider William Quantrill in Kentucky, who lingers until his death on June 6.
• 1869 - The First Transcontinental Railroad, linking the eastern and western United States, is completed at Promontory Summit, Utah (not Promontory Point, Utah) with the golden spike.
• 1872 - Victoria Woodhull becomes the first woman nominated for President of the United States.
• 1877 - Romania declares itself independent from Turkey, recognized on March 26, 1881 after the end of the Romanian independence war.
• 1908 - Mother's Day is observed for the first time (Andrew's Methodist Church in Grafton, West Virginia, USA).
• 1922 - The USA annexes the Kingman Reef.
• 1924 - J. Edgar Hoover is appointed the Director of the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, and remains so until his death in 1972.
• 1933 - Censorship: In Germany, the Nazis stage massive public book burnings.
• 1940 - World War II: The first German bombs of the war fall on England at Chilham and Petham, in Kent.
• 1940 - World War II: Germany invades Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.
• 1940 - World War II: Winston Churchill is appointed Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
• 1941 - World War II: The House of Commons in London is destroyed by the Luftwaffe in an air raid.
• 1941 - World War II: Rudolf Hess parachutes into Scotland in order to try and negotiate a peace deal between the United Kingdom and Nazi Germany.
• 1954 - Bill Haley and the Comets release "Rock Around the Clock", the first rock and roll record to reach number one on the charts.
• 1960 - The nuclear submarine USS Triton completes the first underwater circumnavigation of the earth.
• 1969 - The first "Zip to Zap" rural outdoor rock concert at Zap, North Dakota, is ended prematurely as North Dakota National Guard is ordered to disperse the unruly crowd.
• 1970 - Bobby Orr flew through the air as he scored the game winning goal of a game in the Stanley Cup Final.
• 1979 - The Federated States of Micronesia becomes self-governing.
• 1981 - François Mitterrand takes office as the first Socialist President of France.
• 1988 - Michel Rocard becomes Prime Minister of France.
• 1993 - In Thailand, a fire at the Kader Toy Factory kills 188 workers, mostly young women.
• 1994 - The U.S. state of Illinois executes serial killer John Wayne Gacy for the murder of 33 young men and boys.
• 1994 - An annular eclipse of the sun is visible across much of North America.
• 1996 - A "rogue storm" near the summit of Mount Everest kills eight climbers, making this the deadliest day in the mountain's history. Among the dead are experienced climbers Rob Hall and Scott Fischer, both of whom were leading paid expeditions to the summit.
• 1997 - An earthquake near Ardekul in northeastern Iran kills at least 2,400 people.
• 2001 - In Ghana, a stampede at a football game kills over 120 spectators.
• 2002 - FBI agent Robert Hanssen is given a life sentence without the possibility of parole for selling American secrets to Moscow for $1.4 million in cash and diamonds.
• 2002 - Lynda Lyon Block is executed in Yellow Mama, the electric chair of Alabama.
• 2003 - Record shattering tornado activity during the May 2003 Tornado Outbreak Sequence.
• 2005 - A hand grenade allegedly thrown by Vladimir Arutinian lands about 100 feet from United States President George W. Bush while he is giving a speech to a crowd in Tbilisi, Georgia, but malfunctions and does not detonate.

[Misafir]

Events (May 11th)

• 330 - Byzantium is renamed Nova Roma during a dedication ceremony, but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople.
• 1502 - Christopher Columbus leaves for his fourth and final voyage to the West Indies.
• 1745 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy – At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army.
• 1792 - Captain Robert Gray becomes the first documented Caucasian to visit the Columbia River.
• 1812 - Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the House of Commons, London.
• 1818 - Charles XIV of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Sweden.
• 1857 - Indian Mutiny: Indian rebels seize Delhi from the British.
• 1858 - Minnesota is admitted as the 32nd U.S. state.
• 1862 - American Civil War: The ironclad CSS Virginia is scuttled in the James River northwest of Norfolk, Virginia.
• 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Yellow Tavern – Confederate General JEB Stuart is mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern, Virginia.
  
• 1867 - Luxembourg gains its independence.
• 1894 - Pullman Strike: Three thousand Pullman Palace Car Company workers go on a wildcat strike in Illinois.
  
• 1910 - An act of the U.S. Congress establishes Glacier National Park in Montana.
  
• 1911 - The United States becomes a signatory to the Buenos Airescopyright treaty.
• 1927 - The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is founded.
• 1928 - The first analog TV service is inaugurated by WGY, Schenectady, New York.
• 1934 - Dust Bowl: A strong two-day dust storm removes massive amounts of Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst dust storms of the Dust Bowl in North America.
• 1942 - William Faulkner's collections of short stories, Go Down, Moses, is published.
• 1943 - World War II: American troops invade Attu in the Aleutian Islands in an attempt to expel occupying Japanese forces.
• 1944 - World War II: The Allies start a major offensive against the Axis Powers on the Gustav Line.
• 1949 - Siam changes its name to Thailand.
• 1949 - Israel joins the United Nations.
• 1953 - The Waco Tornado: An F5 tornado hits downtown Waco, Texas, killing 114.
• 1960 - In Buenos Aires, Argentina, four Israeli Mossad agents capture fugitive Nazi Adolf Eichmann, living under the assumed name Ricardo Klement.
• 1960 - The first contraceptive pill is made available on the market.
• 1964 - Terence Conran opened the first Habitat store on London's Fulham Road.
• 1969 - Vietnam War: Operation Apache Snow – Near the Laos border, American and South Vietnamese forces fight North Vietnamese troops for Ap Bia Mountain (aka Hill 937 or "Hamburger Hill").
• 1970 - The Lubbock Tornado: An F5 tornado hits downtown Lubbock, Texas, killing 26.
• 1973 - Citing government misconduct, Daniel Ellsberg has his charges for his involvement in releasing the Pentagon Papers to The New York Times dismissed.
• 1984 - A transit of Earth from Mars takes place; no one is there to observe it.
• 1985 - 56 spectators die when a flash fire strikes a football ground during a match in Bradford, England.
  
• 1987 - Klaus Barbie goes on trial in Lyon for war crimes committed during World War II.
• 1987 - The first heart-lung transplant takes place (Baltimore, Maryland).
• 1992 - An election is held in the Philippines where General Fidel Ramos emerged as winner for President.
• 1995 - In New York City, more than 170 countries decide to extend the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty indefinitely and without conditions.
• 1996 - After taking-off from Miami, a fire started by improperly handled oxygen canisters in the cargo hold of Atlanta-bound ValuJet Flight 592 causes the Douglas DC-9 to crash in the Florida Everglades killing all 110 on board.
• 1997 - IBM's Deep Blue chess-playing supercomputer defeats Garry Kasparov in the last game of the rematch, becoming the first computer to beat a world-champion chess player.
• 1998 - An election is held in the Philippines where actor Joseph Estrada emerged as winner for President.
• 1998 - Nuclear testing: In the Rajasthan Desert, India conducts its first underground nuclear tests violating the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and inflaming its rival neighbor Pakistan (who already has nuclear weapons).
• 2000 - Last performance of the musical Cats (musical) in London's West End.
• 2004 - The Stockline Plastics factory explosion in Glasgow kills nine people.